A Report on the Globalization of the Construction Industry...

A Report On The Globalization of the Construction Industry â€Å"How has globalization impacted on the construction industry in terms of issues such as: structure, characteristics of the industry and individual firms, building cycles and forecasting the future direction of the overall economy and the construction industry in particular†. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Executive Summary 2.0 Introduction 3.0 Globalization 4.0 Structure 4.1 The Global Construction Industry 4.2 Issues Relating to the Globalization Structure 5.0 Characteristics 5.1 Characteristics of the Industry 5.2 Individual Firms 6.0 Building Cycles 7.0 Forecasting the Future Direction 7.1 Future Direction of the Construction Industry†¦show more content†¦Because the growth in developing nations provided a greater margin in profit, the construction industry saw larger construction companies either entering into the local construction markets. Individual construction firms included Laing O’Rouke, one of England’s largest construction firms, or investing into larger local construction firms such as Hochtief, majority shareholder of Australia’s largest construction firm Leighton’s; they have also purchased the United States America largest builder, Turner corporation. Suppliers, for example Cemex, who have invested in global markets by purchasing business such, as Rinker to become the world’s largest concrete supplier. 4.0 Structure 4.1 The Global Construction Industry Global construction community is a $4.6 trillion industry (, viewed 23 May 2009) comprising of non-residential construction, residential construction, refurbishments, alterations and additions, infrastructure and maintenance. The international construction works are made of either public or private construction activity. The global industry also comprises of a manufacturing suppliers market including bricks, concrete, structural steel, glass, tiles and hardware. International construction markets five major contributors making up 75 % of the global construction activityShow MoreRelatedA Report On The Globalization of the Construction Industry1984 Words   |  8 Pagesglobalization on the construction industry in terms of related issues, which affect the overall building market. The influence of globalization on the construction industry is the transformation of local and regional markets into one global market. Impacting local construction industry in providing open construction tra de. The globalization affects the characteristics and structure of international construction activity with issues relating the challenges from the global climate. The aim for theRead MoreUnderstanding The Auto Part Manufacturing Industry1488 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Understanding the industry 1.1 Industry Definition The Auto Part Manufacturing industry is an upstream fundamental of the Automobile Manufacturing Industry producing components; gears and accessories for motor vehicles (IBISWorld industry report, 2015). These manufacturers typically supply motor vehicles assembly and replacement components, accessories for both original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket (International Trade Administration, 2015). Firstly, the original equipment manufacturingRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On A Countrys Economy1215 Words   |  5 Pageshave seen an increase in globalization, which is the integration between companies and governments of different countries, which has lead to an increased international trade. As a result of globalization countries can produce more because they are more markets for their products, which in returns adds to GDP. One of the engines of globalization is the transportation and logistics industry, and this industry is considered an engine because without the industry globalization would not be possible. TodayRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words   |  7 Pageseffect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization of clothingRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1521 Words   |  7 Pagesthe effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization of clothing manufactureRead MoreThe Battle Of War And War1321 Words   |  6 Pageswith the compromise. War requires more non-renewable resources than any other industry in the world, the most abundant of those resources being humans. Since July 4, 1776 the US has been in some sort of conflict for 222 of the 239 years since that day. Humans require more basic necessities than any other living organism on the planet. The resources necessary to support a war are endless and can have massive affects on industry, geopolitical structure, populations, educational institutions, and much,Read MoreA Research On China Ukraine Cooperation1182 Words   |  5 PagesUkraine. 3. To identify possible obstacles in China-Ukraine cooperation. 4. To provide suggestions in order to minimize possible risks in China-Ukraine cooperation. According to the United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014 (WESP) report, which launched its 1st chapter on 18 December 2013 – Global economic growth should increase over the next two years with continuing signs of improvement. The global economy is expected to grow at a pace of 3.0 % in 2014 and 3.3 % in 2015, comparedRead MoreThe Government Should Support Wind Energy994 Words   |  4 Pagesenergy creates more jobs. As the wind industry continues to grow, it will provide many opportunities for workers in search of new careers. These careers extend beyond the wind farm which also takes efforts of workers in factories and offices to build and operate a turbine. According to a new report released by the Center on Globalization, Governance Competitiveness at Duke University, the wind industry could restore some jobs lost in the automotive industry and create many new jobs across the valueRead More The Elimination of the Middle Class1256 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network by transportation, communication, and trade. Through a global lens the process of globalization seems to be vital to the development of the modern world. As a result of globalization there has been a dramatic transition in every aspect of life around the world, more specifically in areas such as trade, immigration, and human development. International trade bolsters salesRead MoreGlobal Communications Within An Organization1680 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to globalization, it is important to consider the cultural differences that can impact an organization s success. This includes recognizing religious holidays, how words translate in different cultures and understanding the six dimensions of national culture. Through research and personal observation Team Global One will review the importance of communication in globalization and the impacts it has wi thin organizations. Importance of Communication in Globalization Globalization, as defined

Why Dog Is Mans Best Friend Free Essays

Why Dog is Man’s Best Friend (Bark Bark) â€Å"What’s that Lassie? † (Bark Bark) â€Å"Timmy’s in trouble? † (Bark Bark). This is the famous cry for help from the television show Lassie. The star of this show is a dog named Lassie, hence the title of the show. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Dog Is Mans Best Friend or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this show Lassie saves many lives and shows why she is a great companion. Lassie is a symbol and icon for how amazing the dog can be. Dogs have been personified as mans’ best friend throughout many television shows over the course of the years. These shows obviously got something right because I am going to tell you why dog is mans’ best friend. Dogs are very intelligent creatures, as personified in Brian Griffin from the television show Family Guy. In this show Brian can talk, write books, and even drives a Toyota Prius. Even though this is a major exaggeration studies on dogs have shown that they are actually really smart animals. According to â€Å"Live Science† the average dog has been found to have the IQ of a 2 year old child. What this means is that dogs can learn on average about 165 words and gestures in their lifetime. With these capabilities dogs have taken their place in the workforce alongside of humans. A few of the smartest breeds of dogs to help in the workforce include the Border collie, Poodle, and Labrador retriever. These dogs can help the blind and deaf community walk safely from place to place, help aid in rescues on land and in water, and last but not least dogs can even perform some jobs that are beyond what the normal human being is capable of completing. One of these jobs is located within the police department. As stated on â€Å"Yahoo Voice† a dog’s sense of smell is up to one-hundred million times stronger than that of a person. With this keen sense of smell dogs are used in cracking down on drug trafficking and even hunting down wanted criminals. Many of todays’ criminals would still be out and on the run if it weren’t for our 4-legged friends. Secondly, dog is mans’ best friend because of their extreme loyalty towards their owner. As seen in another famous television show Scooby-Doo, Shaggy and Scooby never leave each other’s side no matter what scary ghosts try to come between them. This is due to the fact found in â€Å"Yahoo Voice† stating that dogs are â€Å"pack† animals and want to stay with their leader and owner. Dogs originally got this â€Å"pack† instinct because they were domesticated from wolves which are famous for traveling in large packs. Dogs were first domesticated several thousands of years ago from the Canis Lupis, or better known as the grey wolf. A real life example of this instinct occurred in Japan with a dog named Hachiko. According to The Japan Times Hachiko would meet his owner at the train station the same time every day. When Hachiko’s owner died, he still returned to that same exact train station every single day for the next 9 years of his life. Human beings have the capability of being loyal but if I had to count on either a dog or a person being there for me, I would choose the dog every single time. Lastly, dogs are full of excitement and energy. Probably the most famous of relationships with dog owners and dogs would be Mickey Mouse and Pluto. Pluto is adventurous and energetic and always looking to play games and go for walks. With all of this energy it only makes logical sense to make your best friend your new workout buddy also. According to SparkPeople. com it is proven that working out with your 4-legged friend helps you stay more committed to your workout routine. Staying consistent with your workout helps you keep your stress levels down and live a healthier, longer life. These effects also apply towards your dog as they will be happier and glad to spend as much time with their owner as possible. If working out is not your thing, there is nothing wrong with a classic game of fetch. It is amazing how simple of a game fetch is, all you have to do is throw a ball and a dog is more than content to retrieve it for hours on end. This bonding time between man and dog is very hard to compete with. Even though these television shows depict unrealistic ideas of what dogs can do, you can see the relationship between a dog and its owner and how it is influenced through the media. Dogs may not be able to drive around in a fuel efficient Prius or ride around in the Mystery Machine looking for clues, but as you can see a dog is much more than just an everyday household pet. He is your eyes when you’re not around, your personal trainer, but most importantly the best friend you will ever have. References Brown, Jamie. December 29, 2008. â€Å"All About Dogs†. Retrieved from http://voices. yahoo. com/all-dogs-interesting-facts-trivia-about-2353687. html? cat=53 Bryner, Jeanna. August 8, 2009. â€Å"Dogs as Smart as 2 year old Kids†. Retrieved from http://www. livescience. com/5613-dogs-smart-2-year-kids. html How to cite Why Dog Is Mans Best Friend, Papers

Picture essay on poverty in Africa

Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Picture essay on poverty in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pictures have long been used to convey different messages throughout history. They have been used for cultural, political and other events in the society to put emphasis or communicate more directly to the audience. This paper seeks to use a series of pictures representing poverty in Africa to identify how pictorial representation describes the intended event, crisis or situation; they knowledge they create and whether they produce any differing views in the reader/viewer. The series of pictures shown above highlights the issue of poverty in Africa. These pictures have been published online to show the world the gravity of the poverty situation in the African continent. Indeed the pictures communicate a lot and can evoke an emotional feeling to anyone who sees them. The pictures represent the suffering of majori ty of the African people as a result of many historical injustices and political conflicts. The website that shows this picture does not offer much description, it only mentions that poverty is in the eye of the beholder. The pictures shown above are very graphic and will give authentication to any story describe the problem of poverty in the African society. Poverty leads to starvation which is the worst form of malnutrition resulting into emaciation. The children shown in the above pictures are extremely emaciated. This implies that they have gone for days without food due to lack of means of getting food. These pictures highlight the issue of poverty because it’s clear that the children shown have no access to any basic need but they do not offer more details of what may be the cause of the poverty portrayed. It’s important to note that the causes of poverty are widespread. People can become poor due to ignorance, extreme whether conditions that result into draught, wars and conflicts, poor governance and exploitation. The above pictures do not offer much evidence as to what might be the real cause of poverty. However, the crowding might indicate that these are refugees fleeing from a conflict zone or trapped in remote place with no food water and other basic needs.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This do not come as a shock to fellow Africans or even people from other societies. The entire world knows that poverty as a disease affects Africa many times more than other regions of the world. African countries always come at the bottom of any indices that measure quality of life. The pictures only confirm what is already known the world over. The world also knows that Africans are responsible for their own poverty. The above pictures may get people talking about how African governments are not doing much for their people. But it’s n ot the failure of African governments that precipitates these extreme cases of starvation. The African problem is much bigger than just governance. Indeed corruption and other vices seen in most African governments are things that should not be encouraged at any time. However, it should be appreciated that there are other causes of poverty that are much bigger and difficult to tackle. The biggest of them all is the issue of land. Sub Saharan Africa has enough arable land that can feed many more people however. However, land has been a thorn in the flesh since the scramble and partition of Africa and the subsequent colonial rule. Many African communities were pushed away from arable land to pave way for large scale farming by colonial governments. At the time of independence the lands were shared among few privileged Africans or retained by white settlers who wished to remain. This led to millions of people becoming landless or squatters. Most of these large tracts of land are curren tly held as ranches or horticultural farms that grow crops for export. The other portions are largely underdeveloped but owned by influential Africans or settlers who have several other means of generating their income. Majority of the population are trapped in endless conflicts. Others fighting to retain their communal land and others fighting as squatters who were brought there during the colonial period. There are several guerilla wars that are sponsored by foreign governments competing for African resources. This guerilla wars that are disguised as liberations movements displace millions of people leaving them vulnerable to poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Picture essay on poverty in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More African governments are in most cases poor and cannot contain the guerilla conflicts because they are sponsored by rich foreign governments with interests in African resources. The re are also several other African problems that precipitate the above poverty conditions. The refusal to change from the traditional ways of farming makes the population to be vulnerable to the effects of drought. Poor land legislations and high illiteracy levels are other issues that contribute to this kin of situation. It’s therefore important for any viewer or reader to identify the other aspects that may be creating the situation depicted in the pictures rather just to simply blame Africans for their problems. This essay on Picture essay on poverty in Africa was written and submitted by user Annika Garcia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Magic Of The Theater

Art as music, plays, or poetry, is a language, not as syntax or structure, but it can be communitive at a visceral level. Art may be defined in many ways. For instance, â€Å"Art is the creation of beautiful or thought-provoking works, in painting, music, or writing. Art is beautiful or thought-provoking works produced through creative activity. Art is a branch or category of art, especially one of the visual arts. Art is the skill and technique involved in producing visual representations. Art is the study of a branch of the visual arts.† [4] The theatre is a paradigm way of viewing the world. One’s world incorporates ones’ psyche and spirit. The theatre is an ever-changing process, it an end- product. Theatre is art, which is a reflection of pleasure- it can be communicated at an instinctive level. One can feel its emotional pull, and thereby, have a true understanding of the one’s conflict or vulnerability. The aesthetic distance of the theater allows the audience to be consumed with the action. It allows the audience to be a part of the foretelling story, as though they are a character in the play. Aesthetic distance allows the audience to feel the appreciation of the collaboration of the artist. It deals with the visual aspects as well as the psychological experience. Phenomenologically, theatre is an experienced event. It allows a person, the most basic, and fundamental agent, an understanding of an experience. Influences to aesthetic distance are the types of genre of the play. For instance, a comedy maintains distance, thereby, allowing the audience to engage an objective involvement, which is a direct, presentational acting style. On the other hand, tragedies reduce the distance from the audience, thereby, maintaining a subjective perspective, an engagement of the heart, which is a indirect, representational acting style. Theatre represents a certain way of performing something or stylization. In ... Free Essays on The Magic Of The Theater Free Essays on The Magic Of The Theater Art as music, plays, or poetry, is a language, not as syntax or structure, but it can be communitive at a visceral level. Art may be defined in many ways. For instance, â€Å"Art is the creation of beautiful or thought-provoking works, in painting, music, or writing. Art is beautiful or thought-provoking works produced through creative activity. Art is a branch or category of art, especially one of the visual arts. Art is the skill and technique involved in producing visual representations. Art is the study of a branch of the visual arts.† [4] The theatre is a paradigm way of viewing the world. One’s world incorporates ones’ psyche and spirit. The theatre is an ever-changing process, it an end- product. Theatre is art, which is a reflection of pleasure- it can be communicated at an instinctive level. One can feel its emotional pull, and thereby, have a true understanding of the one’s conflict or vulnerability. The aesthetic distance of the theater allows the audience to be consumed with the action. It allows the audience to be a part of the foretelling story, as though they are a character in the play. Aesthetic distance allows the audience to feel the appreciation of the collaboration of the artist. It deals with the visual aspects as well as the psychological experience. Phenomenologically, theatre is an experienced event. It allows a person, the most basic, and fundamental agent, an understanding of an experience. Influences to aesthetic distance are the types of genre of the play. For instance, a comedy maintains distance, thereby, allowing the audience to engage an objective involvement, which is a direct, presentational acting style. On the other hand, tragedies reduce the distance from the audience, thereby, maintaining a subjective perspective, an engagement of the heart, which is a indirect, representational acting style. Theatre represents a certain way of performing something or stylization. In ...

How to Write a College Application Essay - Blog at EssaySupply.com

How to Write a College Application Essay How to Write a College Application Essay College application time can be stressful for both students and their parents. There are so many things to juggle. Students have to study for the SAT, JLPT, or ACT, sometimes both. There are applications to fill out, and scholarships to pursue. Then there are the campus visits, sessions with guidance counselors, and nervous trips to the mailbox in hopes of gaining admission to a great school. For many students, successful completion of the college application process involves writing a killer admissions essay. That’s a challenging task to take on by yourself. However, if you want placement in the best schools, it is also necessary. If you are preparing to apply to schools, we can help you learn how to write a college essay that can help guarantee your acceptance into a great program at an amazing school. The Importance of Good College Entrance Essays Imagine that you are in charge of admissions into an honors program at a very sought after university. There are thousands of students who want to gain entry into your school. You receive many applications from great students.   You narrow those down to the best of the best. Now, how do you compare each app and pick the winning students? If you go by grades and activities, it is still difficult to make a choice. These are all students who make excellent grades, who are active in their schools and have impressive test scores. The application essay is the tiebreaker. It helps schools to identify students who will be a perfect fit. How to Write The Perfect College Essay: Choosing a Great Topic Before we dig any deeper into how to write a college essay for an application, you need to gather a bit of information. Specifically, which type of an essay should you write.   Your first step is to look at your application paperwork. You need to know if the college you are pursuing uses the common application. If it does, you will be writing an application essay based upon one of the common application essay prompts. While you may be frustrated that you don’t get to write on any topic you want, you can still share a lot of your personal story if you are creative. If your school does not use the common application, you can take this as an opportunity to select a topic that allows you to introduce yourself and discuss your values and accomplishments. Just remember that you are not writing an autobiography or memoir. An effective paper will highlight your personality and show that you are a great fit for that school. If you are free to pick your own topic, you have many choices. You could write about a single experience that you feel had a great impact on you. Another option is to detail a few different experiences that are examples of your showing characteristics that you believe are valuable to the school where you are applying. Just remember that your narrative should be sincere. Don’t try to create a persona that does not exist. How to Write a Good College Essay: The Introduction As with any other paper, you need to open with a great hook. You only have a few words to get compelling. The key is having a few traits you want to highlight. For example, perhaps you want to write a persuasive paper showing that you have leadership skills, are passionate about community service, and are capable of handling an academically rigorous level of courses. The rest of your essay will cover why the statements in your introduction are true. How to Write a Good College Essay:   Steps For Writing The Body This is the meat of your essay. It is your chance to make a statement about yourself. Before you start, take some time to learn about your school. Review everything you can find. What are the school’s values? Do they have a mission statement? Who is the average student who gets into the school? What traits do they exemplify? Do a bit of research. You may be able to find examples of essays from other applicants. Ask yourself this question. ‘What can I tell this school about myself that will make me stand out, and prove that I belong here.’ How to Write a College Application Essay: The Conclusion Every word in your conclusion should tie everything together. Your essay is an argumentative one sharing autobiographical information to outline your best characteristics. It should only be a paragraph or so but should tie all of the claims you made in the rest of your paper together. How to Write a College Application Essay: Other Tips This is such a challenging assignment for so many students. Forget about those guides for dummies. Instead, check out these other tips. If you have a friend or family member who has gotten into a great school ask them for a sample essay. Get creative with your topic ideas. For example, is there a book that changed your life? Did you grow up in a household where English was not spoken? Pay attention to spelling and grammar mistakes, but don’t worry too much about format. Unless it is specified, you shouldn’t have to worry about whether or not your essay needs to use APA or MLA style citations. Just write sincerely and accurately. Get help if you need it. Contact us anytime and place an order. Just say ‘Write my application essay!’ and we will be there for you. We Can Help With All of Your Admissions Needs We do more than college entrance essays. We can also help with scholarship essays and personal statements. Our goal is to help you get into a great school and help you pay for it. We even help graduate students as well as transfer students. While you are considering the application process, take some time to research scholarships that may be available to you. Then, remember that many ask you to write an essay. It’s a lot of work, but winning a couple of scholarships can really open up your options when it comes to choosing schools that you can afford. Conclusion It’s time to prove that you are the ideal student for the school of your dreams. With careful planning and good writing, your application essay can be a true asset to your application pamphlets. Be sincere, show off the traits your school is interested in, and ask for help if you need it. We are here to help at any stage of the college admissions process.

A Laboratory Scientist in the Organization Assignment

A Laboratory Scientist in the Organization - Assignment Example In a more general term, laboratory scientists in any institution are the head of an experiment and chemical keeping without which it should impact any danger to other members of the organization. a). According to Blanchard and Thacker (2007, p. 25), an employment contract refers to the signing of a paperwork between two parties (employer and employee) to set the commencement of a given work within the specified rules and regulations that seem acceptable and legal by the law and which do not infringe on anyone’s rights. The contract normally has a limit of time. The employers should be responsible for their health and safety. They should identify hazards in a systematic manner and eliminate or isolating those that are possible. For instance, employers may recognize the necessary steps to minimize the hazards, by providing information, as well as warnings. Also, by identifying whether there are any regulations covering their industry and complying with them. Providing protective equipment clothing or ensuring employee provided protective is suitable and ensuring that they are used effectively. They should also be trained in order to impart in them the necessary skills to manage their own safety. Employers should recognize any accident that might have occurred while been out keen so as to avoid the same in the future. Being keen on any signs of a disease and reporting to the clinic immediately in case of any signs. Responding to inspector’s advice and ensuring that work practices together with working hours are followed in a manner that enhances a safe-working condition. Environmental laws currently carried out in England covers the following key areas: waste management, water pollution, air pollution, noise, hazardous substances, contaminated land and the IPC/IPPC regimes. b). ISO is the International organization for standardization, a worldwide organization with representatives from 157 countries.  

The Muslims lives in recent Anglophone fiction since 1973 Essay

The Muslims lives in recent Anglophone fiction since 1973 - Essay Example Therefore, novels have a great advantage over didactic models of disseminating information. Unlike textbooks that tend to teach by preaching, novels teach the reader by showing. Georg Lukacs, a philosopher and literary critic argued that novels can depict history more fully than "factual reporting" because in novels, Historical necessity is no otherworldly fate divorced fiom man; it is the complex interaction of concrete historical circumstances in their process of transformation, in their interaction with concrete human beings, who have grown up in these circumstances, have been variously influenced by them, and who act in an individual way according to their personal passions. (qtd. in Zuckert 687) Thus, a novel has the capacity to discuss its topic in the context of human experience not in an abstract and detached form. Moreover, it can transcend artificial boundaries that divide people of different backgrounds and civilizations by addressing every aspect of the humanity of the character. This interacts with the humanity of the reader on many levels, thereby magnifying the similarities and diminishing the differences between the reader and the character. A novel can allow an individual from a vastly different cultural background to deeply understand the cultural reality of the characters. ... Like Plato's divided line, which attempts to direct us towards true knowledge and the discovery of reality, novelists take us out of the cave and put us on the path to knowledge by stimulating our imagination, hoping that at the end of the novel, the reader will reach the highest level of the divided line. Roger Spegele, author of "Fiction and Political Theory" argued that there is no difference between political novels and political theory (114-127). Thus, one can say that novelists resemble political thinkers. They choose a distinctive medium to study social and political phenomena. Edward Said, a Palestinian-American literary theorist, said: The one place in which there's been some interesting and innovative work done in Arab intellectual life is in literary production generally, that never finds its way into studies of the Middle East. You're dealing with the raw material of Politics.. . You can deal with a novelist as a kind of witness to something. (Middle East Report 33) Here, Said hints that Arab intellectual life has been less than innovative except in literary production where it is relatively free from external influences. As such, it is uncontaminated raw material that can be utilized to study politics. In keeping with Said's notion that literary production provides the raw material of politics, this study will use novels written by Arabs and Moslems to examine orientalism, colonialism, the search for home and the quest for identity. More specifically, eight Arab and Moslem novels and three Occidental ones will be used to examine Edward Said's thesis on orientalism and the validity of his statement about literature and politics. They will also be used to reveal the historical impact of colonialism